Prescription Drugs Advertisement

Prescription Drugs Advertisement Introduction Prescription drug administration requires a personalized and individualized approach. When companies introduce advertisements into the process, they influence the patient’s agenda negatively and lead to the commercialization of a highly sensitive industry. Studies show that half of America’s population takes a minimum of one drug per day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prescription Drugs Advertisement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clearly, something is wrong if this is happening. Pharmaceutical companies should not advertise prescription drugs because the practice will damage the US medical system through poor physician-patient relationships, increased/ unnecessary drug use and excessive health costs. Why prescription drugs advertisement is dangerous Advertisements are not entirely unwelcome in the pharmaceutical industry. Many companies have been advertising over-the-counter drugs for a long time. However, drug authorities prohibited them from engaging in prescription drug advertisements. The FDA changed that rule in 1997 because of the assumption that advertising would provide consumers with much-needed information on their health. However, the reality of this assumption is now heavily contested. Challenges faced by physicians and other medical professionals are increasing. Medical expenditures dominate the country’s pharmaceutical advertisements of prescription drugs to consumers. It is startling that the country’s budget for FDA’s regulatory activities is approximately $2.4 billion, yet pharmaceutical businesses spend about $ 4.8 billion in prescription drug advertising (Gagnon Lexchin 284). If the administrators are complaining about rising health costs or inefficiency in the health systems, then prescription drug advertising could be a clear indication of misplaced priorities. Furthermore, the United States is a highly medicated society ; people use drugs just to get through their daily activities. One needs to analyze whether prescription drug advertisement accelerates this condition or reduces it. All these issues necessitate a thorough analysis of the moral, legal, ethical and economic issues prevailing in such campaigns. The advertisement of prescription drugs would damage physician and patient relationships. When consumers learn about a new drug from their television sets, they still require approval from their doctors to purchase the drug. Some patients become so convinced about a drug’s usefulness that they challenge their doctor’s judgment or credibility.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Instead of treating one’s doctor as an authority in medicine, the patient starts to think of him or her as an adversary. One example was an advertisement for a toenail. In the advert, the sponsoring company claimed that when certain creatures live in one’s toenails, then this would damage that part of the body. The firm essentially asserted that patients need to guard against these toenail complications by using their drugs. If a patient previews information on his or her television screen, and later develops complications with his or her toes, then he or she would be tempted to ask his or her doctor about the drug. The doctor would have to spend valuable time to explain to the patient that the toenail drug is quite risky (with regard to toxicity), immensely expensive, and unnecessary. He would have to convince the patient that no creature exists in his or her toes. It is wiser to spend this precious time on the actual problem behind the toenail complication, which could be diabetes, a vascular complication or a heart related issue rather than spending it on a false alarm. Clearly, these advertisements would undermine patient and physician relations. This woul d increase wastage of time during physician consultations and thus propagate inefficiency in the US medical system (Ziad Lyles 70). Not only does prescription drug advertisement lead to poor patient-doctor relationships, it also increases medical costs in the country. Pharmaceutical companies do not have to advertise affordable drugs because doctors would prescribe them in any case. However, the expensive ones are a different case. In fact, this advertising increases the uptake of expensive medication thus increasing healthcare costs in the country (Atherly Rubin 30). Prescription drug advertisements harm consumer’s health by promoting the use of unnecessary or wrong drugs. Consumers think that a drug advertisement differs from a conventional advertisement because the FDA has probably scrutinized it. Many clients operate under the assumption that the latter authority screens all prescription drug advertisements before publicly displaying them. They also think that the neces sary risks in the advert have all been highlighted. The FDA cannot scrutinize all advertisements; therefore, consumers end up taking drugs that they do not fully understand. Furthermore, one must look at the overall effect of these promotions. The prescription drug industry causes many consumers to believe that they require long term drug treatment for minor complaints. As a result, a number of consumers may continue to use those drugs even when the drugs are not necessary. This leads to drug overuse and an increase in healthcare expenditure, too. The advertisements heighten the demand for drugs based on the effectiveness of their promotional campaigns rather than the country’s health needs. Commercialization of the drug industry would be too detrimental to the health system to ignore.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prescription Drugs Advertisement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some individuals argue that prescription drug advertisements have an educational value. They claim that the promotions inform the public about all the possible alternatives they can use to cope with or treat their disease. However, this reasoning is inaccurate because the information comes from a non neutral body. Talking about the merits of the drug instead of its risks is in the best interest of the pharmaceutical company. Most of these advertisements tend to downplay the risks associated with their drugs. One only needs to look at case studies of companies that advertise their drugs such as Vioxx. The manufacturer recorded a 20 million increase in sales after advertisements had been commenced. Many Americans responded to the drug advertisements without necessarily understanding all the health implications involved. After this surge in Vioxx use, scientists discovered that the drug increased the risk of getting a stroke or heart attack by one hundred percent. If the advertised information came from a neutra l body that talked about general health conditions, then the point would be valid; however, since the advertisement only focuses on one brand, then the possibilities of bias are simply too high. Companies that advertise their prescriptions do not care much about health-related goals; most of them are profit-driven. These advertisements could never replace a doctor’s guidance and advice. Furthermore, the concerned companies never talk about their state of approval or the stage of drug development. Consequently, consumers may be misinformed about the drugs (Martinez Lewis 110). One also has to look at the nature of those advertisements in order to understand their non educational value. A number of them are highly emotive; instead of appealing to consumer’s rational side, most of them focus on the emotive one, which undermines their legitimacy. It is too difficult to balance the commercial imperative with the public’s needs. In most cases the commercial imperativ e always takes over. Therefore, the educational value of these drug advertisements is highly questionable. Other supporters of prescription drugs also believe that prescription drugs would lead to better technology use in the pharmaceutical industry. They achieve this by informing clients about new treatments or innovations. Therefore, these supporters believe that prescription drug advertising encourages greater innovation. However, this argument is weightless when one looks at current budget allocations in the drug manufacturing industry. Pharmaceuticals in the US dedicate 13.4% of their budget to research and development. Many of them spend 24.4% of their revenue on advertisements and other promotional activities. Therefore, one can argue that these advertisements lead to misplaced priorities. Instead of focusing on better alternatives or products, companies now dwell on marketing their products. This is an inefficient method of using the country’s healthcare resources.Adv ertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The cost of America’s expenditure is going up because consumers are buying expensive and unnecessary drugs. Furthermore, the advertisements are changing the physician-patient relationship by making it adversarial in nature. This causes wastage of time during healthcare treatment thus promoting inefficiencies. The biased nature of the adverts neutralizes any potential positive effects they create, such as educating the public. Prescription drugs, therefore, undermine the healthcare system by promoting drug overuse and thus commercializing the health system. Audience The audience consists of all those entities that support prescription drug use such as pharmaceutical drug owners as well as drug manufacturing associations, advertising associations, the Food and Drug Administration, some physicians and medical professionals who support prescription drug advertising, and consumer rights groups such as Americans for Free Choice in Medicine. Atherly, Adam Rubin, Paul. à ¢â‚¬Å"The cost effectiveness of direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs.† Medical care research and review 2.3(2009): 20-41. CQ researcher. Web. Gagnon, MarcAndre Lexchin, Joel. â€Å"The cost of pushing pills: a new estimate of pharmaceutical promotion expenditures in the United States.† Public Library of Science Medicine, 13(2008): 280-289. CQ researcher. Web. Martinez, Lourdes Lewis, Nehama. â€Å"The role of direct-to-consumer advertising in shaping public opinion surrounding prescription drug use to treat depression or anxiety in youth.† Health Communication 14(2009): 105-123. Print. Ziad, Gellad Lyles, Kenneth. â€Å"Direct to consumer advertising pharmaceuticals.† American Journal of Medicine 13.4 (2007): 67-83. Print.

How to Write a Personal Narrative

How to Write a Personal Narrative The personal narrative essay can be the most enjoyable type of assignment to write because it  provides you with  an opportunity  to share a meaningful event from your life.  After all, how often do you get to tell funny stories or brag about a great experience and receive school credit for it? Think of a Memorable Event   A personal narrative can focus on any event, whether it is one that lasted  a few seconds or spanned  a few years. Your topic can reflect your personality, or it can reveal an event that shaped your outlook and opinions. Your story should have a clear point. If nothing comes to mind, try one of these examples:   A learning experience that challenged and changed you;A new discovery that came about in an interesting way;Something funny that happened to you  or your family;A lesson you learned the hard way. Planning Your Narrative Start this process with a brainstorming session,  taking a few moments to scribble  down several memorable events from your life. Remember, this doesn’t have to be high drama: Your event could be anything from blowing your first bubble gum bubble to getting lost in the woods. If you think your life doesnt have that many interesting events, try to come up with one or more examples for  each of the following: Times you laughed the hardestTimes you felt sorry for your actionsPainful memoriesTimes you were surprisedScariest moments Next, look over your  list of events and narrow your choices by selecting those that have a clear chronological pattern, and those that would enable you to use colorful, entertaining, or interesting details and descriptions.   Finally, decide if your topic has a point. A funny story might represent irony in life or a lesson learned in a comical way; a scary story might demonstrate how you learned from a mistake.  Decide on the point of your final topic and keep it in mind as you write. Show, Don’t Tell   Your story should be written in the first-person point of view. In a narrative, the writer is the storyteller, so you can write this through your own eyes and ears. Make the reader experience what you experienced- not just  read what you experienced. Do this by imagining that you are reliving your event. As you think about your story, describe on paper what you see, hear, smell, and feel, as follows: Describing Actions Dont say: My sister ran off. Instead, say: My sister jumped a foot in the air and disappeared behind the closest tree. Describing Moods Dont say: Everyone felt on edge. Instead, say: We were all afraid to breathe. Nobody made a sound. Elements to Include Write your story in chronological order. Make a brief outline showing the sequence of events before you begin to write the narrative. This will keep you on track. Your story should include the following: Characters: Who are the people involved in your story? What are their significant character traits? Tense: Your story already happened, so, generally, write in the past tense. Some writers are effective in telling stories in the present tense- but that usually isnt a good idea. Voice: Are you attempting to be funny, somber, or serious? Are you telling the story of your 5-year-old self? Conflict: Any good story should have a conflict, which can come in many forms. Conflict can be between you and your neighbor’s dog, or it can be two feelings you are experiencing at one time, like guilt versus the need to be popular. Descriptive language: Make an effort to broaden your vocabulary and use expressions, techniques, and words that you don’t normally use. This will make your paper more entertaining and interesting, and it will make you a better writer. Your main point: The story you write should come to a satisfying or interesting end. Do not attempt to describe an obvious lesson  directly- it should come from observations and discoveries. Dont say: I learned not to make judgments about people based on their appearances. Instead, say: Maybe the next time I bump into an elderly lady  with greenish skin and a large, crooked nose, Ill greet her with a smile. Even if she is clutching  a warped and twisted  broomstick.

Constitutional and Administrative Law Coursework Essay

Constitutional and Administrative Law Coursework - Essay Example Griffith (1985) is extremely decisive of the comprehended deficiency of rule within Government sections. He commented that indispensable political reformation is crucial to hold back prerogative powers in any Department. Prerogative powers exist even now and it is very difficult to spot those powers precisely. For example in R v Home Secretary2 the court acknowledged the reality of a prerogative power, to preserve peace in the land and which had prior to this not been identified. Much of the constitution is principle and not law. For instance the powers of the Prime minister, as they are not law are uncontrollable by courts. This results in some doubts with regard to whether the courts are constantly eager to make certain that the government maintains its legal powers. According to Elliott & Quinn (1998, 368) "The Home Office is just one department responsible for British laws. The Law Officers' Department and the Lord Chancellor's Department also contribute to law reform. All cases brought up by the police for trial must be now taken up by the Crown Prosecution Service which is maintained by the Director of Public Prosecutions and they are answerable to the Attorney General and Solicitor General". The Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme was a source of challenges and unavoidable especially in cases where huge sums of public money were dispersed to victims of crime. This was carried on via a non-statutory process which was governed by ministerial rules of thumb, without proper judicial purpose, or clear appellate rights (Harlow and Rawlings 1984, 388-398). After the turning point decision of R v Criminal Injuries Compensation Board3 (CICB), which demonstrated that decisions of the CICB were reviewable and set the bases for the present review of the prerogative in common. Wade (1989, pp.59-60) debated that damages of the dupes of crime does not amount to exercise of a correct prerogative at all. The reason is that it is not different in role to the institution of a private trust. This view powerfully prefers Blackstone's stress on the 'singular and eccentrical' quality of true prerogative power to the account presented by Dicey based on its discretional character (Munro 1987, ch. 8). Nevertheless, the outlook that reimbursement is prerogative theme since it is non-statutory, and is also similar to the allocation of crown payment, is too acutely entrenched in the judicial awareness to be deserted now. A V Dicey specifies the Royal prerogative as "The residue of discretionary or arbitrary authority, which at any given time is legally left in the hands of the Crown". 4 William Blackstone on the other hand identifies the prerogative more firmly. He states that prerogative powers are those powers which "the King enjoys alone, in contradistinction to others, and not to those he enjoys in common with any of his subjects".5 Lord Parmoor in the De Keyser's Royal Hotel case of 1920 agreed with Blackstone's opinion of the prerogative powers.6 But Lord Reid in the Burmah Oil case of 1965 did not agree with this idea.7 The range of the Royal prerogative power is disgracefully difficult to decide. It is obvious that the continuation and degree of the power is a subject of common law. This makes the

Growth through Internationalisation among Entrepreneurial Firms Essay - 1

Growth through Internationalisation among Entrepreneurial Firms - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that an international strategy can be successful only when there is a strong understanding about different behaviours, beliefs, business strategies and values of other firms across the globe. Innovation can be stated as the most important tool for entrepreneurs. Through innovative strategies an entrepreneur can acquire desirable market share and generate high profit margins. This study shall reveal the ways in which internationalization as a growth strategy has supported entrepreneurial firms. Apart from being aligned with corporate social responsibility, entrepreneurs must have an inclination towards innovation and maintaining quality. A theoretical background will be included in this study so as to highlight the importance of internationalization growth strategy for companies. The findings of this research paper will outline the growth path of entrepreneurial firms that has adopted internationalization strategy. There are some limitations a nd future research considerations also encompassed in this study. The major aim of this study is to highlight the importance of internationalization in growth of entrepreneurial firms. This study will encompass various dimensions of internationalization strategy. Objectives of the study can be classified as: According to Byrne and Popoff, internationalization can be defined as one of the business strategies which are adopted by entrepreneurs so as to achieve long-term success. Entrepreneurs usually focus on domestic market but to retain their market position the best mechanism is to target global markets. An international strategy basically means that there are scattered subsidiaries internationally and all of them act as local companies with no such support from parent company. As stated by Carnegy, global strategy often leads to wide array of corporate strategies with a little adaption to business environment. The major challenge in this process is to incorporate one common strate gy that can be implemented across the globe.

Everyone can learn from their mistakes Essay Example for Free

Everyone can learn from their mistakes Essay The circumstances when the two characters first meet are quite different. When we first meet Pip he is an innocent young boy. He is crying when he meets the convict. He is said to be a small bundle of shivers. This makes Pip appear small, weak, scared and lonely. But Abel Magwith is a dark and lonely person who is a dare devil and an escaped convict he is said to be a fearful man with a great iron on his leg. The circumstances are different in chapter 39 than in chapter one. Pip is now a man and Abel Magwith is a lot different, when the two characters first meet, Abel is a fearful man and Pip is angel like, but now Abel is nicer, he is still a convict on the penalty of death, but is nicer towards Pip. The setting in the first chapter is eerie and builds suspense. The writer says the dark flat wilderness, the fact that it is dark shows that the air is consumed by fear and unawareness. Also the word wilderness shows that the area was unsightly and not unmanaged plus it shows that the area would be scary and unknown to both Pip and to the reader. But in chapter 39 the setting is quiet and a lot brighter. The surroundings are lighter and the characters are happier. They also show a grave contrast of Pip as a boy to when he is a man. The settings in the two chapters give the reader different views on the characters. The settings in chapter 1 give Pip an effect of an innocent little boy who cries a lot, and it makes Abel Magwith appear an old, dark man that bullies and threatens little kids. And in chapter 39, Pip appears stronger, no longer scared of the convict. Abel appears older, he seems scared, in one part he breaks out in tears, that shows that he is no longer evil and is now more emotional which helps Pip be less scared of him. Dickens uses language to really emphasize the presentation of the characters. Ill cut your throat, that line from the convict in Chapter 1 creates the impression that he is an evil and threatening man. But in chapter 39 he breaks out in tears and says to Pip that hes been sending all his money to him, to make a gentleman out of him. That creates an impression that he has changed, become more emotional and is no longer evil. In Pips line Dont cut my throat, sir, pray dont do it, sir, it shows that he is a weak little boy who prays for his life not to be taken from him. But now he is a man, a lot has changed for him; he is stronger and no longer scared of Abel Magwith. The relationship between the two characters changed in the two chapters. In the first chapter when Pip and Abel first meet, Pip is afraid of him because he is a very threatening man. But, in chapter 39 Abel appears less threatening; he is still an escaped convict but has appeared to have changed his ways. Overall, I think the story is about a lot more than just a young boy and a convict. I believe Dickens is trying to give a message to the reader. I think that the message he is trying to give is that everyone can learn from their mistakes and everyone has a good and bad side. The man had done wrong he was a convict but he has changed his ways and helps to aid the little boy, by sending him money, proving he has a good and caring side.

courage :: essays research papers

Courage Courage is moral strength that allows us to withstand hardships and fear. People believe that courage implies firmness of the mind and will in the face of danger or extreme difficulty. Muhammad Ali the famous boxer jumped over all the hurdles that were in his way to his success, and he did not give by keeping is courage. Courage allows us through many difficulties and helps us get over our fear. Many times in life we find ourselves entangled in many problems, and the solution to that is courage. Few years back I felt very troubled because of personal problems. I was aggravated and I thrust my head into my hands and wept. I kept repeating to myself , â€Å"I can’t do it,† but another voice screamed in my head , â€Å" Yes you can,† and I realized that it was my courage speaking. I rose up looking very ambitious because I knew that I would face my problems head on. Stephen writes,â€Å"Still he climbs and you start to understand how Erik learned to face the world.† Despite all the limitations Erik faced, he continued with his desires and didn’t back down. Even though he was physically limited, he did not let himself feel dejected. I can understand the difference Erik made for himself by not letting others put him down. I felt the difference just like Erik did because I to, didn’t let the bad situations get to me, and I also used my cou rage like Erik did. Fear is something that we often find ourselves associated with, and courage helps us surpass it. I have always been afraid of swimming, and one day I found myself in a situation in which I had to go into a pool. I slowly made my way down as I counted, â€Å"first step, second step, third step†¦ oh, my gosh, I can’t believe I’m doing this.† Slowly, I found myself enjoying my short swim, and I had fantastic time because I conquered my fear by using courage. Teresa says, â€Å"I want to jump†¦and swim somewhere, safe.† Teresa was afraid of what people say about her disability and that’s why she felt ashamed in front of Jaime’s presence.

What Is Meant by International Business Ethics

While business ethics emerged as a field in the 1970s, international business ethics did not emerge until the late 1990s, looking back on the international developments of that decade. Many new practical issues arose out of the international context of business. Theoretical issues such as cultural relativity of ethical values receive more emphasis in this field. Other, older issues can be grouped here as well. Issues and subfields include: The search for universal values as a basis for international commercial behavior. Comparison of business ethical traditions in different countries. Also on the basis of their respective GDP and [Corruption rankings]. Comparison of business ethical traditions from various religious perspectives. Ethical issues arising out of international business transactions; e. g. bioprospecting and biopiracy in the pharmaceutical industry; the fair trade movement; transfer pricing. Issues such as globalization and cultural imperialism. Varying global standards – e. g. the use of child labor. The way in which multinationals take advantage of international differences, such as outsourcing production (e. g. clothes) and services (e. . call centers) to low-wage countries. The permissibility of international commerce with pariah states. Foreign countries often use dumping as a competitive threat, selling products at prices lower than their normal value. This can lead to problems in domestic markets. It becomes difficult for these markets to compete with the pricing set by foreign markets. In 2009, the International Trade Commission has been researching anti-dumping laws. Dumping is often seen as an ethical issue, as larger companies are taking advantage of other less economically advanced companies. A business has moral duties that extend well beyond serving the interests of its owners or stockholders, and that these duties consist of more than simply obeying the law. A business has moral responsibilities to so-called stakeholders, people who have an interest in the conduct of the business, which might include employees, customers, vendors, the local community, or even society as a whole. Stakeholders can also be broken down into primary and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are people that are affected directly such as stockholders, where secondary stakeholders are people who are not affected directly such as the government. They would say that stakeholders have certain rights with regard to how the business operates, and some would suggest that this includes even rights of governance. Local culture affects ethical issues greatly because this entails managing two cultures, looking at the fact that a French organization moving production to Nigeria will encounter cultural and language barrier. In Nigeria been a multilingual society, civil service employment is done on quota system, as such positions created may be filled by unqualified candidates were as more qualified personnel may be left out. This is contrary to a French culture were the best hands gets the job. Another ethical issue involves the standard of conducting business in multinational corporations. The US congress and the Securities and Exchange Commission consider it unethical for corporations to make payments to government officials of other countries to promote trade. However, in many countries, for an organization to effectively operate, you need to pay government official usually called kick back. For example the case of Halliburton raised by US congress about their activities in Nigeria.

A View from the Bridge: the Opening Scene Essay

The opening scene of Act Two marks the dramatic turning point of the play. In this scene, Catherine confronts Rodolfo over Eddie’s allegation that Rodolfo only wants to marry Catherine to be an American. However it is soon revealed that Rodolfo truly loves her. The two characters sleep together for the first time, a fact that Eddie finds out when he returns home drunk, which results in a devastating confrontation between the central characters. The seriousness and the intense emotions displayed in this scene, plus Arthur Miller’s use of dramatic devices, make this scene very dramatically effective. It is a turning point in the play because it is the first time Catherine and Rodolfo sleep together, symbolising Catherine’s transformation from a â€Å"little girl† to a grown woman; and Catherine’s ties with Eddie have finally cut as she chooses Rodolfo over Eddie. In this scene, Eddie also confronts his feelings towards Catherine as he kisses her in a fit of rage, passion and desire. This scene opens up with Alfieri’s narration. He tells the audience that Catherine and Rodolfo are â€Å"alone† in the apartment for the first time. The fact that they are alone suggests something is going to happen and sets the scene and create tension because the two characters are alone in a cramped flat without anyone to interfere and no other witnesses except the audience. The cramped apartment is dramatic device which is more obvious on stage ? the dining room is the focus of the actions, the small, claustrophobic space increases tension between the characters. The character of Alfieri serves two functions. In the play, Alfieri is the narrator, who tells the audience the story of Eddie Carbone in flashbacks, and therefore constantly reminds the readers of the tragedy that is yet to come. However he also acts as an actual character in the play ? the role of the wise lawyer, whom Eddie seeks advice from. A narrator is a typical dramatic device used often in plays, dating back to Greek tragedy, which is the style this play is written in. Catherine asks Rodolfo is he is hungry, instead he replies â€Å"not for anything to eat†. This suggests Rodolfo’s desire for Catherine and further emphasis what might happen now they are alone together. This makes the audience wonder and curious, about Rodolfo and Catherine, and also about Eddie’s reaction when he finds out. Catherine starts to ask Rodolfo a series of questions about the options of the two of them living in Italy. At first Rodolfo thinks Catherine is joking as he is smiling, as he does not know the real question Catherine is asking him. However, we as the audience understand she is testing him to see if he only wants to marry her to be an American. This is an example of dramatic irony which Miller uses to create tension and suspense as the audience wonder how Rodolfo is going to react and whether he will figure out Catherine’s true intention. We are also kept in suspense as we wait to see if Rodolfo really loves Catherine. As Rodolfo realises Catherine’s seriousness, stage directions describes that his smile â€Å"vanishes† and he is â€Å"astonished† at Catherine’s request and he walks to her â€Å"slowly†. From here, it is clear that Rodolfo recognizes something is wrong and the tension is heightened as his previous joking mood has gone and is moving onto a more unpleasant topic. Rodolfo tries to persuade Catherine by commenting Italy as having â€Å"no money†, â€Å"no business † and â€Å"nothing† and though Italy is beautiful, â€Å"you can’t cook the view†. This quote shows Rodolfo’s maturity and his understanding of reality and that he is not blinded by a mere pretty surface. As Catherine continues to pursue the idea of living in Italy, Rodolfo becomes increasingly frustrated: â€Å"There’s nothing! Nothing, nothing, nothing. † We see the characters are more emotionally charged as the argument continues; Rodolfo becomes more angry and irritable as the tension builds up, and the audience tense up as the calmer atmosphere is now disturbed by something more exciting. Finally, Catherine confesses she is â€Å"afraid of Eddie† here. This is the first time she admits her fear of Eddie and his actions to the audience, which marks another turning point of the play ? she no longer sees Eddie as a non-threatening, kind man she thought he is. There is a slight pause after Catherine’s admission. This creates tension and allows time for Catherine’s confession and is a hint to the impending tragedy sink in. However, even after this, Catherine persists with her questioning, which eventually leads to Rodolfo’s realisation: â€Å"This is your question or his question? † Therefore the penny drops as the truth comes out. From this point on, the characters confront their true feelings and give the audience further insight into the characters’ inner emotions. This quote also shows that Rodolfo is not the naive, innocent boy portrayed and seen by other earlier in the play? He is quite witty and intelligent and knows when something is going on. Rodolfo is â€Å"furious† at Eddie’s accusation of him and explains that the only reason he wants to â€Å"be an American so I can work†. This shows Rodolfo is realistic and is not just an impressionable, young, starry-eyed boy who loves America so much. This corresponds with earlier in the play with his â€Å"you can’t cook the view† speech. From here, we see another more mature, responsible side of him. This also touches on the theme of family and responsibility?  two of the things that are significant in the Italian traditions. These are shown through the way Rodolfo says that he cannot bring Catherine from a rich country to a poor one; otherwise he would be a â€Å"criminal† â€Å"stealing† her face when he cannot afford enough food for her as he would be responsible for her well-being. Catherine is â€Å"near tears† and Rodolfo is â€Å"furious† as the argument progresses. This makes the scene more dramatic as we see the characters’ emotions are displayed so raw and vividly in this scene, as indicated in the stage directions. Catherine describes Eddie as â€Å"mad all the time and nasty†, which contrasts with her earlier comments of â€Å"the sweetest guy† and â€Å"good†. This reveals that Catherine loves Eddie very much but at the same time is afraid of him as she admits herself. This paradox illustrates Catherine’s emotional turmoil and complex feelings. It also suggests that she too, knows something is wrong with Eddie’s over-the-top rage and fury about the idea of her and Rodolfo together, further emphasised by Rodolfo’s suggestion that Eddie will â€Å"spank† Catherine if she disobeys him ? that there is something dark and primal in Eddie’s feelings for Catherine. Catherine denies she is a naive â€Å"baby† like everyone thinks, which reminds us that Catherine is caught in the crossfire and has to do what everyone else’s expectation of her. However, she continues to defend Eddie as she criticises Beatrice of not being a good wife and woman to Eddie, unlike the way she can because she can â€Å"tell† and â€Å"know† what Eddie wants and needs. This almost peculiar comment deepens the audiences’ sense of unease as we suspect that something inappropriate is going on between Eddie and Catherine and that Eddie’s feeling may possibly be reciprocated. Rodolfo does not seem to realise this as he persuades Catherine to leave Eddie. Catherine then tries to change the topic and instead tells Rodolfo to â€Å"hold† and â€Å"teach† her. This shows Catherine is inexperienced. However alternatively, it can mean that she is manipulative ? when the conversation is not turning out the way she wants to, she cunningly changes the topic using her sexuality. This contrasts with the previous impression the audience have of her and suggests that she is not the saint that we think she is. She cries â€Å"softly† as Rodolfo gently leads her to the bedroom ? thus completes Catherine’s transformation from a â€Å"little girl† to a woman. It signifies Catherine’s choice of Rodolfo over Eddie as she loses her virginity to Rodolfo ? something she can never claim back, parallel to the fact she can not go back to Eddie anymore. Her ties have finally been cut. This significant event also means tragedy is inevitable as the audience know all hell will break loose when Eddie finds out. There is a little pause between the part when Rodolfo leads Catherine to the  bedroom and Eddie’s confrontation with them. During this part, no speech is spoken; it only shows Eddie’s return. This gives the audience some breathing space as tension slows down a little and to give time for the audience to prepare for the revelation Eddie is about to find out. Eddie returns home â€Å"drunk†, which creates tension as the audience anticipate trouble, and the fact that he is drunken means his behaviour would be even more aggressive and unpredictable and then making his confrontation with Rodolfo and Catherine more dramatic. Eddie sees Catherine first; the situation appears to be calm, though awkward and uneasy because the audience know that a huge thing has just happened and the calmness is just the calmness before the storm and we wait anxiously for the dreadful truth to dawn on Eddie. According to the stage direction, Rodolfo comes out of the bedroom second. Eddie sees him and his arm â€Å"jerks slightly in shock†. Rodolfo nods to him â€Å"testingly†. Eddie jerks his arm in shock implies he realises what has happened. He is in astonishment and disbelief. Rodolfo reminds the audience that Beatrice is out, which means there is no one to act as the peace-maker?  there are only three of them alone in the small, claustrophobic apartment where the atmosphere is tense and uncomfortable. There is a pause as Eddie let the revelation to sink in. the pause creates suspense as the audience wait for his catastrophic reaction. Instead, however, Eddie just tells Rodolfo to â€Å"get outa here†. A simple, short command without any explanation or discussion. This amplify the uneasiness in the atmosphere as his reaction seems strangely still to the awful knowledge he just learned, the audience are surprised by this and wonder what will happen next. Eddie grabs her arm as Catherine starts to go. This is the start and a hint to the conflict that is yet to come. Catherine starts to go. Catherine is â€Å"trembling with fright†, shows that she is really scared. She â€Å"frees her arm†, suggests that she is standing up to Eddie finally. She speaks in short sentences, creating a fast pace and urgency atmosphere Eddie tries to regain the control of the situation by commanding Catherine: â€Å"You ain’t going anywheres. â€Å" He desperately tries to make Catherine stay by use the last bit of his power to control her. When Catherine disobeys, he â€Å"draws her to him† and â€Å"kisses her on the mouth† as Eddie finally confronts his desire and feeling for Catherine. The kiss suggests there is something of a sexual desire in Eddie’s feelings, not just the simple possessiveness some fathers have of their daughters. Eddie asks Rodolfo what he is â€Å"gonna be†, thus challenging him, with Catherine as the winner’s price. Rodolfo squares up to Eddie and accept the challenge â€Å"with tears of rage†, suggesting his ego has been bruised badly. He â€Å"flies at him in attack†, which shows Rodolfo’s extreme rage at the fact Eddie has just kissed Catherine and his challenge of his manliness. However, Eddie humiliates him further as he â€Å"pins his arms, laughing, and suddenly kisses him†. This kiss is very sudden and unpredicted, so it is very shocking for the audience and we are incredulous at Eddie’s actions. This kiss is a very extreme action and we slowly realise that it is used to humiliate Rodolfo, questioning his manliness and an attempt Eddie makes to confirm his suspicion of Rodolfo’s sexuality. Catherine â€Å"tears â€Å"at Eddie’s face, while Eddie stands there with â€Å"tears rolling†. This is the point where Eddie realises he has lost and this is the point where he realises Catherine is gone from him. The audience sympathises with him because we know he truly loves Catherine and he has just lost everything he holds dear. However, he still tries to gain the control of the situation and he and Rodolfo are almost frozen with anger: â€Å"They are like animals that have torn at one another and broken up without a decision, each other waiting for other’s mood† This description compare Rodolfo and Eddie as â€Å"animals†, suggest something dark, terrifying and primal in the situation, which makes the audience feel uneasy and uncomfortable. When Eddie breaks the silence, he tells Rodolfo to get out and tells him to â€Å"watch your step, submarine. † â€Å"Submarine† is slang for an illegal immigrant. This is a warning to Rodolfo and a hint to what is going to happen. From this point on, it is clear to the audience that tragedy is inevitable because it seems that Eddie will go as far as to betray his family and report the brothers to the Immigration Bureau. We also know that if Eddie does do that, the consequence will be devastating, as foreshadowed by the Vinny Bolzano story from the very earlier on of the play. Eddie ends this act with a dreadful warning, which create suspense as to what he is going to do and grabs the audience’s attention as we wait to see his next actions even though we already suspect what he is going to do. In conclusion, the opening scene of Act Two is one of the most important and dramatic points of the play. Throughout the first act, Arthur Miller tells us of Rodolfo and Marco’s arrival and sets up the steps leading to the play’s climax ending. In Act One, the audience see the growth of Eddie’s paranoia and jealousy, slowly accumulating to his final outburst. The incident in this scene: Rodolfo and Catherine sleeping together is the final push that sends Eddie over the edge and promote him to report the cousin to the Immigration Bureau. It is in this scene Eddie’s patience runs out and in this scene he realises he has lost Catherine to Rodolfo. He confronts his feelings by kissing Catherine and humiliates Rodolfo with the shocking kiss. This scene is full of emotions which are displayed vividly to the audience through the characters’ actions and speech. The emotions grab the audience attention because we care about the characters and curious about what is going to happen.

Dont Pay for Play Essay

Dont Pay for Play Essay Dont Pay for Play Essay zyblee Don't Pay for Play! Does someone who gets to go to college for free, never having to pay a penny deserve to be paid for playing college sports? No, paying college athletes is just a bad idea. â€Å"There are way too many logistical, economic, and legal hurdles that would have to be erased before college athletes could ever be paid† (Ryder). The numbers that ESPN gives can be a little deceiving. Although popular sports such as football and basketball bring in millions of dollars, for most universities that money is hardly enough to cover their department cost (Ryder). College athletes are playing their favorite sport at state of the art facilities in front of thousands of fans and get an education for free, so why would they be paid? Powerhouse schools such as Ohio State get tons of revenue every year and that doesn't even cover the schools budget. â€Å"There are many schools that lose money every year so how could they pay their students on top of giving them free tuition† (Ryder). So therefore the more money the school has the more money the athletes would get paid and that would be unfair in recruiting. With the ridiculous amount of time college athletes spend on school and their sport they have no time for a job and not every kid has wealthy parents that can just send them money every week. This makes it hard for some athletes to pay for living expenses and entertainment such as bills, clothes, entertainment, etc. (rose 48).â€Å"My solution of providing student athletes $2,000 per semester will at least offer these kids a drop in the bucket†(rose 48). There are many reasons why college athletes feel like they need to be paid and some of them have a valid point, but there are just too many things that would be unfair in the payment of college athletes. Football and basketball are obviously the favored sports on most campuses, but kids work just as hard in other sports and their programs don't make enough money to pay them the stipend that the major sports could pay their athletes (Pheifer). Certain players are more popular than others and certain sports are more popular than others so people know there would be a lot of arguing and controversy. Schools like USC and Stanford have all the money so in theory all the kids would go to schools like that wouldn't they? One of the major reasons paying players to play is because of what it would do to recruiting and competition. If the rich schools kept getting great players and winning then they would keep getting richer and the other schools would keep getting poorer. Students earn a free tuition which over the course of 4 years can exceed $200,000, they are also provided with housing textbooks, food and academic tutoring. When they travel to road games, they are given perdiems for meals (Davis). â€Å"They also get coaching, training, game experience and media exposure they earn in their respective† (Davis). So you can talk about how they can’t have a job with their low amount of free time but they have so many benefits that it over rides all those arguments. There is an argument between the value of a scholarship and what a student-athlete actually needs (Davis). There is a gap between this and many people in college sports think that the scholarship model should be met to close this gap (Davis). The problem is this gap is in all sports, for all athletes so it would have to be fixed. This fix would be very timely and expensive. But at least people are thinking of ways to make college athletes needs be met without straight up paying them. Let’s talk about how unfair it would be to pay certain players and sports more money again. The football team brings in more revenue than the volleyball team, but that’s why NFL players get paid big bucks and there is not a professional volleyball league to be found (Geisler). â€Å"Picking one sport over another is fine when youâ €™re working in the free market as an entity, as professional sports teams and leagues do† (Geisler). You cannot give players

Memorize the First 20 Elements on the Periodic Table

Memorize the First 20 Elements on the Periodic Table If you take a chemistry class there is an excellent chance you will be required to memorize the names and order of the first few elements of the periodic table. Even if you dont have to memorize the elements for a grade, it is helpful to be able to recall that information rather than look it up every time you need it. Memorize Using Mnemonic Devices Here is a mnemonic you can use to help make the memorization process easier. The symbols for the elements are associated with words that form a phrase. If you can remember the phrase and know the symbols for the elements then you can memorize the order of the elements. Hi! - HHe - HeLies - LiBecause - BeBoys - BCan - CNot - NOperate - OFireplaces - F New - NeNation - NaMight - MgAlso - AlSign - SiPeace - PSecurity - SClause - Cl A - ArKing - KCan - Ca List of the First 20 Elements You can devise your own way of memorizing the first 20 elements. It may help to associate each element with a name or a word that makes sense to you. Here are the names and symbols of the first elements. The numbers are their atomic numbers, which is how many protons are in an atom of that element. Hydrogen - HHelium - HeLithium - LiBeryllium - BeBoron - BCarbon - CNitrogen - NOxygen - OFluorine - FNeon - NeSodium - NaMagnesium - MgAluminum (or Aluminium) - AlSilicon - SiPhosphorus - PSulfur - SChlorine - ClArgon - ArPotassium - KCalcium - Ca

Structure of Society and Social Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Structure of Society and Social Policy - Essay Example The relevance of this trait to programs for the elderly is that the high percentage of young people shifts government policy priorities away from the needs of older persons (Schulz, 2005). Creating new jobs for young people is much more of a state problem than meeting the service needs of older people. Government attention in health care is also more focused on reducing infant mortality rates than in developing geriatric medical care. The family is the social unit with primary responsibility for the care. This is consistent with social, cultural, and religious mores. Although reliance on the family to care for elderly members has subsided in recent years, for reasons discussed later, there is a pervasive understanding that government policy should be designed to bolster the role of family care (LaVeist, 2002). Low class people often incur higher out-of-pocket costs for medical care and have fewer choices among health care providers. Theoretically critics accepts this to result in fewer health care contacts, far fewer of the routine examinations that are so important for early detection of potential problems, and greater delay in seeking care when ill. Research has found this to be true (Schulz, 2005). Considering the ultimate cost of poor health, it is also uneconomic. The issue of poverty, a major contributing factor to poor health and one that impacts more severely on poor people, is simply too far beyond our purview to treat here. However, it bears remarking that some of the recommendations, in fact, poverty reduction measures. For example, policies that would lead to a reduction in drug and alcohol abuse would also lead to a reduction in poverty, for just as substance abuse is partly a result of poverty, so is it also partly a cause. Even more effective as poverty reduction devices ar e policy proposals yet to appear. Although their primary purpose is to relieve other problems, measures such as family planning services, teen pregnancy prevention programs, parent training classes, infant stimulation programs and early childhood education all attack poverty at its roots. Good education and high paid job leads to social mobility and allows a person to maintain high standards of living and receive better medical help (Schulz, 2005). 2. Social class determines the level of medical care and dietary patterns available for people. Life span has long been the thermometer used to measure the health of the public. Only in this case, assuming quality of life is maintained, elevation indicates better health. We have come to expect greater longevity as one of the benefits of continued economic development. A fall in life expectancies is cause for alarm. Fortunately, this has happened only rarely. Poverty makes it more difficult to lead a healthy life. Shelter and diet may be inadequate. Neighborhood air quality may be poor. Life is generally more stressful. Few people consciously choose to live a life of poverty, but people can and do make unhealthy lifestyle choices. People who are poor and less educated tend to make them more often, perhaps because of lesser understanding of the possible consequences (Schulz, 2005). More likely it is because some of those choices provide considerable utility, particularly in the very sh ort run and particularly to persons whose long-run expectations are low. Poor nutrition can be deadly (LaVeist, 2002). The traditional diet,